GROUP ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

1. INTRODUCTION

Organizational behavior research aims to study how it should conduct an individual level, group level, as well as its impact on performance (individual performance, group, or organization) with the discipline. And is also known as the study of the organization. This study is a specific academic field of study that studied the organization, by utilizing the methods of economics, sociology, political science, anthropology and psychology. Other disciplines associated with this study are the study of human resources and industrial psychology and organizational behavior.

The theory or science of organizational behavior (organization behavior) is essentially based on behavioral science studies itself (the roots of psychology), which was developed with the focus on human behavior in organizations. Thus, the basic framework of organizational behavior theory is supported by two main components, namely individuals who behave and formal organization as a container of such behavior.

2. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR HISTORY

As with all social sciences, organizational behavior seeks to control, predict, and explain. But there is some controversy regarding the effect of focusing attention on the ethical behavior of workers. Therefore, organizational behavior (and the adjacent study, namely industrial psychology) are sometimes accused of having a scientific tool for the ruling party. Regardless of the allegations, Organizational Behavior can play an important role in the development and success of the organization of work.

       Although these studies and experts trace its roots previously, the study is usually considered a new organization started as an academic discipline along with the emergence of scientific management in the 1890s, with Taylorism representing the peak of this movement. The leaders of scientific management believes that the rationalization of the organization with a series of instruction and study of the motion-time will lead to increased productivity. The study of various compensation systems were carried out.

    After World War I, the focus of organizational studies shifted to analysis of how human factors and psychology affected organizations. This is a transformation that is driven by the discovery - the discovery. Human relations movement is more centered on the team, motivation, and the actualization of the goals of individuals in the organization.

    World War II produced further shifts of this field, when the discovery of large-scale logistics and operations research led to the emergence of new interest to the system and rationalistic approaches to the study of the organization.

      In the 1960s and 1970s, the field is greatly influenced by social and psychological pressures in academic studies focused on quantitative research. Since the 1980s, cultural explanations of organizations and change became an important part of this study. Qualitative methods in this study became more acceptable, by utilizing approaches from anthropology, psychology and sociology. Organizational behavior is now a growing field of study. Majoring in organizational studies generally located in business schools, although many universities also have a program of industrial psychology and industrial economy as well.

     This field is highly influential in the business world with practitioners who transform academic research into business practices. Organizational behavior becomes increasingly important in the global economy when people with different backgrounds and cultural values ​​must work together effectively and efficiently. But this area is also increasingly criticized as a field of study its assumptions are ethnocentric and pro-capitalist (see Critical Management Studies).

3.  SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS THINKING

Oneof the major breakthroughs in the complex world view is systems theory. Application of this theory is known as systems analysis. One of the tools systems analysis is systems thinking. In layman, think the system is a how to help someone see the world - including organizations - from the perspective broad including the structure, pattern and action compared to see action specifically. Broad perspective to help identify issues that fundamental and most surefire way to know it.

4.    CHARACTER SYSTEM

      Overall behavior of the system depends on the overall structure is not the sum of its parts. Any structure determines behavior, and in turn determines the range of activities. Often, we only see and respond to actions. Here’s an action reactionary. We forget the schemes are greater. Often in an organization, we think the system can be divisive and only respond to the parts in the system or sorting out the parts of a topic. Systems theory reminds us when you chop up an elephant, then you do not get a bunch of small elephants. The system has a maximum limit. When we try to create a larger system, then the system would break away to reach a new stability. Too often in the organization, we always try to grow and grow - until the system boundary. At this point, we are again just to see action, not the behavior, habits or structures that influence it. So we are only thinking short term and are always creating new problems. Another feature of the system tends to seek balance in their environment. Systems that do not interact with their environment tend to quickly reach its limits as feedback from clients or customers.

    Circular relation between the whole system of life and its parts. Consider organizations are usually always have the same problem and keep repeating. Problem is always a circle in the organization. And in turn, members of the organization can identify repeating patterns found but could not find the cycle itself. If we can find cycles and circular, we can perform a systemic intervention.

5.  ORGANIZATIONAS A SOCIAL SYSTEM

      As discussed earlier, that the understanding of the organization is a group of people who have similar goals. The goal is the result of the form of goods, services, money, knowledge, and others - others. While the understanding of human social is associated with the community and its members (quoted from W3dictionary). Thus the social system are the people in the community is considered as a system composed by the characteristics of a pattern of relationships in which the system is working to fulfill his desire. Some things that describe the organization as a social system, among others, in the presence of social organizations and social organizations.

     Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how
people act in the organization. Thus in relation to the organization as a social system the study of organizational behavior covers various aspects such as: public, business, social, etc.. For example PSSI (All Indonesia Football Association) as an organization engaged in the sport of football, not only in one aspect of the study that is football. Fields - other fields should also be assessed to advance organization and promoting football Indonesia achieve its objectives. Aspects that are reviewed among other aspects of business, public, etc.. You may ask, "What does football with business ". In the present-day sport, particularly football has nothing to do with business aspects of television broadcasting rights for example, advertising sponsors who can generate income. Then what to do with the social? In the aspect of business, the community is the market. While in the field of sport is a factor supporting the community where
society itself is part of the social.

    Based on the above example, we know that almost all the work done in the social sphere. Similarly with the organization, the organization will go well if diatur with a good system so that the coverage of social work therein can be appropriate standard that is set in a system. Social coverage in question is work, communication and coordination is carried out within the organization to achieve a common goal.

Organizational factors, among others factors (according to John Willey)

- Human

- The technology used

- Task / work

- Organisational culture

    

 Humans are one important factor in the organization. The man himselfis a social creature. And in human organizations do not work alone, then human communication and coordination in the work. Thus the aspect can not be separated from social organizations. And can also often be said that the social system It is also the organization and vice versa.

     6. SCOPE OF ORGANIZATION, METHOD AND    CONCLUSIONS

A. The nature and purpose of the organization and methods

     Before discussing what is included within the scope of the organization method, we will discuss what the nature and purpose of the organization methods. Because the scope of the organization regarding the efficiency of the method will layout procedures the way work is used in carrying out management functions. Whereas understanding the organization and methods, between the management, organization, and procedure work is a unity that can not be separated, meaning that if the ordinance work is efficient then the implementation of activities diharapkan functions management within the organization will run smoothly. So in this case the nature and

method is meant organization and administration services to managers who tried to advance the work procedures for the achievement dipergunakan maximum efficiency in the organization.

B. Understanding efficient

    Efficient inverse or rationality is the comparison between the results ata obtained outputs with the activities undertaken and the resources and time which will be used. If formulated: Efficient = output input

    Must be considered truly efficient because it is a requirement and purpose on the implementation of the work, so the organization and methods as an aid in technical and practical to implement management functions can take advantage sources available to the fullest.

Terms of achieving efficient in organization and methods are:

• Achievement of targets should be effective, meaning the target in accordance with time has been on the set, but the quality of the work shall also be be noted.

• Economical means of achieving effective (effective) use of resources (cost, labor, materials, equipment, and time) are used as precise to be exact.

• Implementation of the work can be justified.

• It should really reflect the real division of labor because of the the limited ability of individuals.

• Rationality of authority and responsibility, meaning between the authority and obligation must be balanced.

• work procedures that are practical, workable and enforceable. This is to reflect that the organization and method is a practical activity then the target is an effective and economical implementation of the work can be accountable, as well as outstanding service.

How to increase work efficiency:

1. Implementation of appropriate management functions

2. Utilization of appropriate economic resources

3. Implementation of the organization functions as a means of achievement goals as precisely as to be exact.

4. Direction and dynamics of the organization conducted for the development and continuous improvement.

    By looking at the purpose and nature of the organization and methods are service for managers and addministrasi in performing management functions the organization and methods are technical and practical assistance in implementation of organizational theory and management theory as exactly as precise. Then from the nature and purpose of the organization and methods can be understood space scope are matters relating to specific fields of organizational and management of its detail and broad scope.

Activities into the scope of activities including the organization and methods are:

1. Analysis of the organization (organization analysis)

2. Communication within the organization (communication in the organization)

3. The procedure of work, work procedures and systems of work (work methods, procedures and

systems)
4. The importance of filing in terms of organization and methods

5. The importance of data storage period and document (records retention and schedule)
6. The importance of form in terms of organization and methods

7. Administrative office machinery (office machines)

8. Administrative furniture and office equipment (office equipment)

9. The importance of office layout and space planning preparation work (ofiice layout and space planning)

10. The importance of writing in organization and methods

11. The importance of manual labor

12. The importance of organization and methods of budget

13. Analysis of staffing

14. The importance of work simplification

15. Organizational units within the organization and methods

16. Final conclusion (final conclusion)

      In accordance with perinsip perinsip in the organization and method of the The discussion in these fields will be emphasis on discussion about systems, procedures and how it works in conjunction with the principle efficiency. Therefore the systems, procedures and proper work procedures will allow the implementation of management functions are performed top managers are also appropriate and efficient use of resources resources (natural, humans) and use the time available.

C. CONCLUSION

     Thus, organizational behavior is a study concerning aspects of human behavior within an organization or a group of first tertentu.Aspek include the influence of the organization of the human being a second aspect of human influence on the organization. This notion that the behavior of organizations in which there danhubungan interaction between organizations on the one hand and the behavior of individuals in lainpihak. All this has a practical purpose is to guide human behavior to the efforts of goal achievement.